2‐Carboxyethylgermanium Sesquioxide as A Promising Anode Material for Li‐Ion Batteries

2‐Carboxyethylgermanium Sesquioxide as A Promising Anode Material for Li‐Ion Batteries Full article

Journal

ChemSusChem
ISSN: 1864-5631 , E-ISSN: 1864-564X

Output data

Year: 2020, Volume: 13, Number: 12, Pages: 3137-3146 Pages count : 10 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000852

Authors

Saverina Evgeniya A. ^1,2 , Kapaev Roman R. ^3,4 , Stishenko Pavel V. ⁵ , Galushko Alexey S. ² , Balycheva Victoriya A. ^6,2 , Ananikov Valentine P. ² , Egorov Mikhail P. ² , Jouikov Viatcheslav V. ¹ , Troshin Pavel A. ^3,4 , Syroeshkin Mikhail A. ²

Affiliations

1	CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
2	N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
3	Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Academician Semenov avenue 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
4	Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, st. Nobel, 3, 121205 Moscow, Russia
5	Department of Chemical Engineering, Omsk State Technical University, Mira prosp. 11, 644050 Omsk, Russia
6	Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia

Various forms of germanium and germanium-containing compounds and materials are actively investigated as energy-intensive alternatives to graphite as the anode of lithium-ion batteries. The most accessible form—germanium dioxide—has the structure of a 3D polymer, which accounts for its rapid destruction during cycling, and requires the development of further approaches to the production of nanomaterials and various composites based on it. For the first time, we propose here the strategy of using 2-carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide ([O1.5GeCH2CH2CO2H]n, 2-CEGS), in lieu of GeO2, as a promising, energy-intensive, and stable new source system for building lithium-ion anodes. Due to the presence of the organic substituent, the formed polymer has a 1D or a 2D space organization, which facilitates the reversible penetration of lithium into its structure. 2-CEGS is common and commercially available, completely safe and non-toxic, insoluble in organic solvents (which is important for battery use) but soluble in water (which is convenient for manufacturing diverse materials from it). This paper reports the preparation of micro- (flower-shaped agglomerates of ≈1 μm thick plates) and nanoformed (needle-shaped nanoparticles of ≈500×(50–80) nm) 2-CEGS using methods commonly available in laboratories and industry such as vacuum and freeze-drying of aqueous solutions of 2-CEGS. Lithium half-cell anodes based on 2-CEGS show a capacity of ≈400 mAh g−1 for microforms and up to ≈700 mAh g−1 for nanoforms, which is almost two times higher than the maximal theoretical capacity of graphite. These anodes are stable during the cycling at various rates. The results of DFT simulations suggest that Li atoms form the stable Li2O with the oxygen atoms of 2-CEGS, and actual charge–discharge cycles involve deoxygenated GeC3H5 molecules. Thus, C3 chains loosen the anode structure compared to pure Ge, improving its ability to accommodate Li ions.

Saverina E.A. , Kapaev R.R. , Stishenko P.V. , Galushko A.S. , Balycheva V.A. , Ananikov V.P. , Egorov M.P. , Jouikov V.V. , Troshin P.A. , Syroeshkin M.A.
2‐Carboxyethylgermanium Sesquioxide as A Promising Anode Material for Li‐Ion Batteries
ChemSusChem. 2020. V.13. N12. P.3137-3146. DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000852 WOS Scopus OpenAlex

Web of science:	WOS:000535238200001
Scopus:	2-s2.0-85085551315
OpenAlex:	W3017972923

DB	Citing
OpenAlex	16
Scopus	15
Web of science	14