New thermally stable and friction-insensitive nitrogen-rich salts: a synergy of 1,2,4-triazole, furoxan and hydroxytetrazole motifs

New thermally stable and friction-insensitive nitrogen-rich salts: a synergy of 1,2,4-triazole, furoxan and hydroxytetrazole motifs Full article

Journal

CrystEngComm
ISSN: 1466-8033

Output data

Year: 2026, Volume: 28, Pages: 465-474 Pages count : 10 DOI: 10.1039/d5ce01047k

Authors

Stebletsova Irina A. ¹ , Larin Alexander A. ^1,2 , Vinogradov Dmitry B. ¹ , Pivkina Alla N. ³ , Leonov Nikita E. ¹ , Gazieva Galina A. ¹ , Fershtat Leonid L. ^1,2

Affiliations

1	N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences 119991, Leninsky Prosp., 47, Moscow, Russia
2	National Research University Higher School of Economics 101000, Myasnitskaya str., 20, Moscow, Russia
3	N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences 119991, Kosygin str., 4, Moscow, Russia

Funding (1)

Energetic materials are essential substances for the development of advanced aerospace technologies and welding applications. In this study, we synthesized new high-nitrogen energetic salts based on linearly linked 1,2,4-triazole, furoxan and N-hydroxytetrazole scaffolds. All the prepared substances were thoroughly characterized using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The synthesized energetic compounds exhibited a wide range of thermal stability, ranging from moderately stable guanidinium-based salts (Td: 153–173 °C) to highly stable sodium and [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazolium salts, respectively (Td: 227–236 °C). All synthesized energetic materials had high enthalpies of formation (362–1074 kJ mol−1) resulting in good detonation performance (D: 6.9–8.3 km s−1; P: 19–32 GPa) simultaneously retaining friction insensitivity. Overall, the proposed method for the assembly of triheterocyclic substances offers a promising avenue for the development of nitrogen-rich energetic materials.

Stebletsova I.A. , Larin A.A. , Vinogradov D.B. , Pivkina A.N. , Leonov N.E. , Gazieva G.A. , Fershtat L.L.
New thermally stable and friction-insensitive nitrogen-rich salts: a synergy of 1,2,4-triazole, furoxan and hydroxytetrazole motifs
CrystEngComm. 2026. V.28. P.465-474. DOI: 10.1039/d5ce01047k WOS Scopus OpenAlex

Web of science:	WOS:001634764000001
Scopus:	2-s2.0-105024488009
OpenAlex:	W7106704999

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